1900, General Lord Roberts (Robert of Kandahar) launches his “March on Pretoria” assault on the capital of the Transvaal state in South Africa during the second Boer war. Roberts who was on his second mission in South Africa He gained the accolade ”Robert of Kandahar” after his military successes in Kandahar during the British occupation of Afghanistan in the 19th century.
1933, African American singer, song writer, dancer and band leader James Joseph Brown, Jr. was born on this day at Barnwell, North Carolina. Brown was known throughout the world as the godfather of soul music.
1936, Italian dictator Benito Mussolini plans a massive settlement in conquered Ethiopia by declaring that about 400,000 Italians will be permitted to inhabit the new colony. His overall intention was however thwarted due to the international hostility he encountered by invading Ethiopia, a fellow League of Nations (predecessor to the UN) member.
1953, the seven year Mau Mau rebellion against British occupation in Kenya, enters its second year with the murders of 19 fellow Africans who the rebels accused of collaborating with the white colonialists.
1964, African American actor and TV director Frederick O'Neal becomes the first Black man to be elected as the president of the Actors Equity Association. O’Neal was also the founder of the Negro Theater in 1940.
1978, Ernest Nathan "Dutch" Morial became the first black mayor of New Orleans after winning being elected by popular vote, he was in office from 1978-1986. His son also served as mayor of the city from 1994-2002
1993, after a general referendum on independence, Eritrea is formally recognized as an independent nation on this day. In the years following independence Eritrea had engaged in a bitter cross border war with Ethiopia which only ended with a truce in 2000.
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